Ar raglen NPR Science Friday dydd Gwener diwetha oedd trafodaeth ar ieithoedd mewn perygl. Gall wrando ar yr holl raglen ar lein (mae angen RealPlayer). Llawer o ddolennau diddorol, hefyd.
Archifau Misol: Mawrth 2002
Y Bwlch Digidol
Erthygl Guardian am y ‘gwahaniad digidol’:
The so-called digital divide is in danger of widening into a chasm after a new report revealed that twice as many Londoners as Welsh people access the internet on a regular basis. [...]Around 56% of people living in the south-east [of England] regularly use the internet, compared to only 23% in Wales, and a similar pattern is evident with email usage.
[rhagor]
Cyfieithu gan beiriant
Hanes gorffennol a’r dyfodol cyfieithu awtomatig gan beiriannau.
Cymru yng ngwaith Shakespeare
Cwestiwn: Sawl gwaith crybwyllwyd Cymru gan Shakespeare?
Ateb: Tri deg pedwar.
Cwestiwn arall ’te: Beth am y Cymry a’u hiaith?
Ateb: Tri deg dau, rhyngddynt.
Eban Hieronymous Johnson
Mae’r artist Eban Hieronymous Johnson yn haeddu ei enw canol. Llawer o enghreifftiau o’i waith unigriw a llawer o ddolennau i’w dilyn unwaith dych chi wedi bennu.
Ro’n i’n mwynhau delweddau calendrau Jesus Helguera, hefyd:
Helguera’s calendars gave Mexican Americans something to be proud of, a rich Mexican culture and history. They reminded us that we are not the foreigners, but descendants of natives. Jesus Helguera’s art has for decades been adopted as Chicano art. It is prevalent and yet not intrusive. It is powerful yet blends into the background. His images were imitated and copied. These cultural calendars can still be found in countless tienditas, bakeries, liquor stores, mercados and Mexican homes.
[rhagor]
[via American Samizdat]
Cân Menna Elfyn
Ffeindiais i’r gerdd hon gan Menna Elfyn ar wefan Web of Words – yn anffodus, diolch i’r ffordd maen nhw wedi cynllunio eu gwefan, dw i ddim yn gallu rhoi dolen syth iddi. Bydd rhaid i chi ddilyn y dolenni o’r dudalen ffrynt i’w ffeindio. Mae fersiwn clywedol o’r gerdd yn gysylltiadwy, fodd bynnag.
Siapiau o GymruEi diffinio rown
ar fwrdd glân
rhoi ffurf i’w ffiniau
ei gyrru iw gororau
mewn inc coch;
ac meddai myfyrwyr o bant,
‘It’s like a pig running away’;
wedi bennu chwerthin,
Rwy’n ei chredu;
y swch gogleddol
yn heglu’n gynt
na’r swrn deheuol
ar ffo rhag y lladdwyr.
[rhagor]
Ffilm Cernyweg ei hiaith
Mae’r erthygl yn ddwyieithog, Saesneg a Chernyweg. Faint o’r Gernyweg dych chi’n gallu ei deall?
“An fylm a ober war lies nivel. Hwedhel da yw, yntertaynmont gwir mes yma marthys moy ena mar mynnir down lowr. Prag y hwrussyn ni y fylmya yn Kernewek? Mar ny vynnyn ni gweles an bys avel park kerri McDonalds-po-Kentucky Fried Chicken, y tal dhyn ni keslowena rychter ha dyfrans.”
[rhagor]
Peiriant dawnsio ydw i…
ac allwch chi ymuno â fi gyda’r teclyn hwn. Lot o hwyl. (Mae hi’n safle Almaeneg ei hiaith: rhowch glec ar y gair “Selbermachen” yn y cornel gwaelod de a bant â chi.)
Hei! Dw in gallu gweld fy mhentre o fan hyn!
Casgliad wych o hen gardiau post O’r Waun, y pentre lle ges i fy magu. Dyma llun o goffeb rhyfel gan Eric Gill sydd yng nghanol y pentre. Yr oedd fy mam yn byw yn y stryd hwn fel geneth, a phriododd hi fy nhad yn y capel hwn. Ro’n i’n arfer delifro’r Evening Leader i’r ty hwn. Gwych.
Ar alawon hen yn fyw
Gwaith Ceiriog ym mhrosiect Guttenburg:
Llongau MadogWele’n cychwyn dair ar ddeg,
O longau bach ar fore teg;
Wele Madog ddewr ei fron,
Yn gapten ar y llynges hon.
Mynd y mae i roi ei droed,
Ar le na welodd dyn erioed:
Antur enbyd ydyw hon,
Ond Duw a’i dal o don i don.Ser y nos a haul y dydd,
O gwmpas oll yn gwmpawd sydd;
Codai corwynt yn y De,
A chodai’r tonnau hyd y ne;
Aeth y llongau ar eu hynt,
I grwydro’r mor ym mraich y gwynt;
Dodwyd hwy ar dramor draeth,
I fyw a bod er gwell er gwaeth.Wele’n glanio dair ar ddeg,
O longau bach ar fore teg:
Llais y morwyr glywn yn glir,
’R ol blwydd o daith yn bloeddio “Tir!”
Canent newydd gan ynghyd,
Ar newydd draeth y newydd fyd -
Wele heddwch i bob dyn,
A phawb yn frenin arno’i hun.
[rhagor]
Ble maer ieithyddion Cymraeg?
Nid, ar y cyfan, yng Nghymru, fel esbonir yn yr erthygl hon:
In this situation one might suppose that Welsh would be increasingly prominent as an object of academic study in Wales. Sadly, this is not the case. A great deal of energy is devoted to teaching Welsh, and to promoting its use, and also to studying how it is and has been used, but there is little research on the language itself, its sound system and its grammatical structure, how they are acquired by children, how they have changed over time, and how they vary from place to place. Increasingly, such research is carried out outside Wales and by non-Welsh linguists. [...]Someone might also argue that the priority for those who are interested in Welsh must be to teach it or to promote its use in various ways and that studying the language itself is a luxury the country cant at present afford. The trouble with this argument is that promoting a language and studying it are not independent matters. In the long run the possibilities of promoting the language will be significantly reduced if the language is not an object of study.[...]
There are a number of comparisons that are relevant here. Wales is not the only small country with an interesting language. Another is Iceland. In 1998 Iceland had a population of under 300,000, while Wales had a population of nearly 3 million. More importantly, according to the 1991 census, the number of Welsh speakers in Wales was 500,000. Thus, there are considerably more Welsh speakers than Icelandic speakers. In the circumstances, one might think that there would be at least as much work on Welsh in Wales as there is on Icelandic in Iceland. In fact, there is far more work on Icelandic in Iceland. Over the last 20 years Icelandic linguists have produced a large body of sophisticated work on their language and as a result Icelandic has had a major impact on linguistic theory.
[rhagor]
Gweler manylion Seminarau Cystrawen y Gymraeg am enghreifftiau o’r gwaith sy’n cael ei wneud.
Barfau ac ati
Mewn rhifyn arall o’r un cylchgrawn mae erthygl am numismateg a hunaniaeth frodorol:
In a document detailing Governor Philip’s expedition in 1791, it was recorded that “…Men’s beards were kept at reasonable length by singeing. This must have been an unpleasant operation because, after European contact, they were happy to accept the offer of a shave” (Turbet, 1989). Thus, rather than being an acknowledgement of the adorable bodies of Aboriginal Australians, the Aboriginal silhouette comes across as ‘natural’, in the pejorative sense of the word, in contrast with Queen Elizabeth’s silhouette, on the same coin, which was depicted as ‘civilized’.
[rhagor]
Mae civilized yn air diddorol, ondyfe?
Wrth ddilyn dolen mewn trafodaeth Metafilter des i ar draws y Journal of Mundane Behavior, lle ffeindes i’r erthygl hon am farfau a’u harwyddocâd:
Abstract: This paper analyses the cultural significance of male facial grooming, the arts of shaving, clipping and trimming, and the meanings of full beard growth. It draws upon a semiotic interpretation, and reconfigures the overlooked and personalised ritual of daily facial preparation and presentation. The analysis sees facial hair as a signifier of masculinity, but one which does not remain fixedly within the masculine realm. The radical politicisation of facial hair has been effected through both the gay and the feminist movements, so that the figures of the “bearded fairy”, the “goateed club bunny”, and the “drag king” are not restricted to their assigned subcultures, but bleed via the mass media into dominant culture.
[rhagor]
Jyst rhag ofn mae hynny yn swnio tipyn bach yn rhy drwm, dyma berspectif y Brunching Shuttlecocks ar yr un pwnc:
And even now there are pockets of us stubbornly clinging to our goatees both in the literal and metaphorical sense, those who insist that it was never about the money and the parties and being interviewed by news-magazines as if our opinions mattered. It was, and still is, about hiding our chins.
[rhagor]
Mae gwefan newydd Golwg wedi cyrraedd. Braf i weld archif o erthyglau ar lein (ond do’n i ddim yn gallu dod ar hyd yr un am David Crystal o fis neu ddau yn ôl), a fforwm sgwrsio i ddarllenwyr. Bydd yn ddiddorol i weld sut bydd y safle yn datblygu ac a fydd darllenwyr Golwg yn ei defnyddio.
[diolch i Dafydd]
Mae hyn yn greulon, ond fyddai Spike wedi’i fwynhau, dw’n siwr:
Politicians also expressed their sorrow at Spike’s passing. “I think we met, a few years ago,” Prime Minister Tony Blair told reporters. “I remember he called me an arrogant bastard! He was so very good at irony, we all laughed.”
Ian Duncan Smith, however, laid the blame for Spike’s death squarely at the door of beleagured Transport minister, Stephen Byers. “Spike might have been alive today if the transport links between his home and London were better. I call on Mr Byers to reconsider his position.” Mr Byers made no comment but during the media interest surrounding Spike’s death announced the privatisation of pavements.
[rhagor]
Mae Gwaith Maes yn gylchgrawn Cymraeg ei iaith sy’n cyhoeddi adnoddau i athrawon. Ar y wefan wnaeth yr erthyglau ar blant Castell y Waun a’r frân goesgoch yn tynnu fy sylw. Braf i weld gwefan Cymraeg gyda chynllun mor dda.
[diolch i Robina]
Adolygiad NYRB o lyfr newydd Steven Pinker, Words and Rules:
The pleasures of Pinker’s book are in his accounts of the results of detailed scholarship and theories about particular words and forms. I, for one, did not know that medieval English had the regular past tense for have and make, haved and maked, but that the sheer frequency of the occurrence of these verbs led to our current shorter had and made.
[rhagor]
Cad-ddadpar defnyddiol i’r tro nesa cwyna rhyw ddysgwr pedantaidd am ffurfiau ar lafar i ferfau Cymraeg fel gâth am cafodd. Mae ieithoedd fel dwr, ceisio ffeindio ei lefel.
Ar 5ed Mawrth, 1954, a phedwar mis wedi marwolaeth ei hawdur mewn dinas ochr draw y sloe black sea, cyhoeddwyd drama ar gyfer lleisiau yn Llundain:
Listen. It is night moving in the streets, the processional salt slow musical wind in Coronation Street and Cockle Row, it is the grass growing on Llareggub Hill, dewfall, starfall, the sleep of birds in Milk Wood.
[rhagor]
Efallai mod i ar gyffuriau, ond mae ’na rhywbeth yng ngwaith cerlyn o gerfiwr William Kent sy’n f’atgoffa o lwyau serch. Yn enwedig yr un ’ma a’r un ’ma. Ydw i ar gyffuriau? Os dydw i ddim, falle bydd hi’n bosibl i annog rhyw Gymro-Americanaidd celfyddydlyd i brynu ei waith. Mae digon ar gael.
Like buried treasures, hundreds of Kent’s carvings – most standing taller than he – are stored under tarpaulins in his barn. They are everyday objects he re-creates in wood: giant shoehorns, pipes, ladles, vises, calipers, razors, safety pins, plugs, eyeglasses, corkscrews, shoes, lightbulbs, shell beans, bell peppers (one fashioned into a Self Portrait With Erection), octopods, reptiles, dental plates. This is not whittling on a grand scale but is, instead, a complicated artistic process that produces all of five or six complete works per year. Defying belief, most of his sculptures are carved from single pieces of wood purchased from sawmills.
[rhagor]
Casgliad anhygoel o luniau un teulu yng Ngorllewin yr Unol Daleithiau, rhwng 1866 a 1969. Mae’r lluniau i gyd yn fawr, o safon uchel, ac yn cymryd sbel i lwthio. Mae’n werth aros amdanyn, ond mae ’na cymaint ohonyn nhw. Dim ond crafu’r wyneb dw i wedi wneud. Anhygoel.
Jack Ellis Haynes (1884-1962) is the subject of these photographs. They represent almost his entire life, missing only a combined period of three years between his birth and his death. He is seen in studio portraits and snapshots and in a variety of settings. The locations include the University of Minnesota and YNP, with many photographs concerning the Mammoth area of the park and the Haynes home and studio there. Additional photographs include snapshots of JEH receiving an Honorary Doctorate from Montana State University, working indoors and outdoors, and JEH performing an activity which was very much his own – smoking a cigar in a pipe.
[via consumptive]